Singularity's Persistent Overlays¶
This is a requirement for applications that must have write privilleges, such as Oracle Database images.
If you want to use a SIF container as though it were writable, you can create a directory, an ext3 file system image, or embed an ext3 file system image in SIF to use as a persistent overlay.
Usage¶
we can use persistent overlay in the following scenarios.
File system image overlay¶
You can use tools like dd
and mkfs.ext3
to create and format an empty ext3 file system image, which holds all changes made in your container within a single file.
Features¶
- Easy to transport (it is a single file)
- Faster than a directory (for HPC tasks)
- No privillege required
- Empty space information required
Directory Overlay¶
Easier to use, but can't be transported as easily, also must be root.
Overlay embedded in SIF¶
It is possible to embed an overlay image in the SIF file that holds a container. This allows the read-only container image and your modifications to it to be managed as a single file.
Final note¶
If you mount your container without the --overlay
directory, your changes will be gone.